{"coordinates":{"lat":48.118,"lng":-123.43},"zone":{"zone":"8b","zoneNumber":8,"subzone":"b","minTempF":15,"maxTempF":20,"source":"prism-2023","resolvedFrom":"coords-nearest","distanceKm":2.9,"zip":"98362"},"climateType":"maritime","frostDates":{"zone":"8b","lastSpring":"03-15","firstFall":"11-30","seasonDays":260},"asOf":"2026-11-12","plantNow":[{"slug":"chickweed-stellaria","commonName":"Common Chickweed","scientificName":"Stellaria media","category":"herb","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-01","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":30,"max":60},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2026-12-12","notes":"Ground layer winter annual, accumulator. Edible mild salad green, traditional spring tonic. Reseeds, living mulch under brassicas, chicken forage.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"chickweed-stellaria-media-medicinal","commonName":"Chickweed Medicinal","scientificName":"Stellaria media","category":"herb","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":45,"max":75},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2026-12-27","notes":"Fall sow for winter and early spring harvest., Whole plant fresh, lymphatic mover and cooling demulcent. Star-shaped white flowers, single line of hairs on stem. Cool moist part shade, rich soil.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"watercress-improved","commonName":"Improved Watercress","scientificName":"Nasturtium officinale 'Improved Broad Leaf'","category":"vegetable","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-09-16","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":45,"max":75},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2026-12-27","notes":"Aquatic edge layer. Edible peppery leaves, vitamin C and K dense. Cool flowing water ideal, but moist garden bed also works. Hardy perennial.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"california-poppy","commonName":"California Poppy","scientificName":"Eschscholzia californica","category":"flower","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":60,"max":90},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-01-11","notes":"California state flower; mild sedative tea. Self-seeds prolifically. Drought-tolerant native; sleeps with closed petals.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"cleavers-galium-aparine-medicinal","commonName":"Cleavers Medicinal","scientificName":"Galium aparine","category":"herb","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-19","windowEnd":"2026-11-30","daysToHarvest":{"min":60,"max":90},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-01-11","notes":"Fall sow allows winter germination. Self-sows readily., Whole plant fresh, lymphatic alterative and kidney support. Sticky velcro-like stems, whorled leaves. Part shade, cool moist edges. Harvest before seeds form.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"phacelia-bluebell","commonName":"Desert Bluebell","scientificName":"Phacelia campanularia","category":"flower","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":60,"max":90},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-01-11","notes":"California desert annual; deep blue bell-flowers. Distinct from the lacy phacelia (P. tanacetifolia) cover-crop entries; this one is purely ornamental.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"ryegrass-italian","commonName":"Italian Ryegrass","scientificName":"Lolium multiflorum","category":"vegetable","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-01","windowEnd":"2026-11-30","daysToHarvest":{"min":60,"max":200},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-01-11","notes":"Annual or short-lived biennial; fall sown for winter forage and cover crop., Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is a fast-growing annual or short-lived biennial grass used for winter cover, overseed of warm-season pastures, and high-quality forage. Quick spring growth. Distinct from existing ryegrass-annual entry.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"annual-medic","commonName":"Annual Medic","scientificName":"Medicago polymorpha","category":"cover-crop","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":90,"max":180},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-02-10","notes":"Mediterranean annual legume; reseeding cover/forage. Burr medic (M. polymorpha) and barrel medic (M. truncatula) common. Pasture interseeded.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"common-vetch","commonName":"Common Vetch","scientificName":"Vicia sativa","category":"cover-crop","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":90,"max":200},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-02-10","notes":"Less hardy than hairy vetch but doesn't reseed as aggressively. Cahaba White, Lana woollypod cultivars.","companions":[{"slug":"sweet-corn","mechanism":"nitrogen_fixing","strength":"moderate","description":"Common vetch (Vicia sativa) winter cover fixes nitrogen for spring corn; less cold-hardy than hairy vetch but easier to terminate."}],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"skullcap-mad-dog-scutellaria-lateriflora","commonName":"Mad Dog Skullcap","scientificName":"Scutellaria lateriflora","category":"herb","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-19","windowEnd":"2026-11-30","daysToHarvest":{"min":90,"max":150},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-02-10","notes":"Cold stratify, fall sow ideal. Surface, light required., North American native, aerial parts in flower are nervine relaxant. One-sided racemes of small blue flowers. Part shade, moist rich soil. Distinct from baicalensis.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"vetch-purple","commonName":"Purple Vetch","scientificName":"Vicia benghalensis","category":"cover-crop","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":90,"max":180},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-02-10","notes":"Mild-climate winter vetch; less aggressive than hairy vetch. Showy purple flowers, pollinator value.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"subterranean-clover","commonName":"Subterranean Clover","scientificName":"Trifolium subterraneum","category":"cover-crop","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":90,"max":200},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-02-10","notes":"Self-seeding annual clover for winter cover in mild climates. Buries seed in ground - regrows next fall on its own.","companions":[{"slug":"tall-fescue","mechanism":"nitrogen_fixing","strength":"moderate","description":"Subterranean clover is a self-seeding annual legume that fits tall fescue pastures in Mediterranean and humid subtropical zones. Buried seed pods germinate after summer dormancy; pair fixes 50-120 lb N/acre annually."}],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-einkorn-black","commonName":"Black Einkorn","scientificName":"Triticum monococcum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":110,"max":140},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-03-02","notes":"Ancient hulled wheat, fall sow, Dark glume einkorn. Ancient hulled wheat, low gluten elasticity, nutty flavor.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-iraqi-black-emmer","commonName":"Iraqi Black Emmer","scientificName":"Triticum dicoccum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":110,"max":140},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-03-02","notes":"Hulled ancient grain, Heritage emmer with dark glumes. Hulled wheat, requires dehulling. Excellent in farro dishes.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-wadi-bayyas-emmer","commonName":"Wadi Bayyas Emmer","scientificName":"Triticum dicoccum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":110,"max":140},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-03-02","notes":"Levantine landrace emmer, Jordanian landrace emmer collected from Wadi Bayyas. Drought tolerant.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"vervain-blue-verbena-hastata","commonName":"Blue Vervain","scientificName":"Verbena hastata","category":"herb","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-19","windowEnd":"2026-11-30","daysToHarvest":{"min":120,"max":180},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-03-12","notes":"Fall sow for stratification. Or stratify 4 weeks for spring sow., North American native, aerial parts in flower are nervine and bitter. Tall candelabra of blue spikes. Sun, moist soil, meadow plant. Harvest at full bloom.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"agrimony-eupatoria-medicinal","commonName":"Common Agrimony","scientificName":"Agrimonia eupatoria","category":"herb","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-19","windowEnd":"2026-11-30","daysToHarvest":{"min":120,"max":180},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-03-12","notes":"Cold stratify 4 weeks, fall sow ideal., Aerial parts in flower are astringent for digestion and urinary tract. Tall yellow flower spikes, pinnate leaves. Full sun to part shade, average soil.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"meadowsweet-filipendula-ulmaria-medicinal","commonName":"Meadowsweet Medicinal","scientificName":"Filipendula ulmaria","category":"herb","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-19","windowEnd":"2026-11-30","daysToHarvest":{"min":120,"max":180},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-03-12","notes":"Cold stratify, fall sow or stratify 6 weeks., Aerial parts in flower are source of salicylates, antacid and anti-inflammatory. Frothy cream flower clusters, almond scent. Moist meadow, sun to part shade.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"winter-rye","commonName":"Winter Rye","scientificName":"Secale cereale","category":"cover-crop","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-19","windowEnd":"2026-11-30","daysToHarvest":{"min":180,"max":240},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-05-11","notes":"Most cold-tolerant cereal cover crop, Excellent biomass and weed suppression. Terminate at boot/heading stage. Allelopathic, wait 3-4 weeks before planting tomatoes.","companions":[{"slug":"tomato","mechanism":"ground_cover","strength":"strong","description":"Winter rye cover crop terminated and rolled in spring forms a thick mulch; no-till tomato transplants into the rye residue see improved moisture retention and reduced early blight splashback. Standard in organic systems."},{"slug":"pepper-sweet","mechanism":"ground_cover","strength":"strong","description":"Same mechanism as tomato, rolled rye residue mulch suppresses weeds and reduces splash-borne disease near pepper transplants."},{"slug":"winter-squash","mechanism":"ground_cover","strength":"moderate","description":"Winter rye terminated in spring forms a weed-suppressing mulch for squash transplants; rye allelopathy reduces small-seeded weed germination during establishment."},{"slug":"wine-cap-stropharia","mechanism":"ground_cover","strength":"moderate","description":"Cover-crop residue from winter rye, mowed and left as mulch on permanent beds, supports excellent wine cap fruiting the following year. The mycelium breaks down rye allelopathic compounds during decomposition, freeing the bed for sensitive crops."},{"slug":"hairy-vetch","mechanism":"nitrogen_fixing","strength":"strong","description":"Same pairing as rye-grain: winter rye cover with hairy vetch combines biomass and N. Roll-killed mulch in spring supplies a heavy no-till residue for warm-season transplants."},{"slug":"sweet-corn","mechanism":"ground_cover","strength":"strong","description":"Winter rye sown in fall and mowed in spring before corn supplies a no-till mulch that suppresses weeds, conserves moisture, and reduces corn rootworm pressure. Best paired with vetch for combined N and biomass."}],"antagonists":[{"slug":"lettuce-leaf","mechanism":"allelopathic","strength":"strong","description":"Winter rye produces benzoxazinoid (DIBOA, BOA) allelochemicals that suppress germination of small-seeded crops including lettuce; wait 3-4 weeks after rye termination before direct-seeding lettuce."},{"slug":"carrot","mechanism":"allelopathic","strength":"strong","description":"Rye allelochemicals suppress carrot germination and early seedling growth. Wait 3-4 weeks after rye incorporation, or follow rye with a fast-growing buffer crop (buckwheat) before sowing carrots."},{"slug":"onion","mechanism":"allelopathic","strength":"moderate","description":"Onion seedlings are highly sensitive to rye BX-compound residue. Allow 4+ weeks after rye mow-down before direct seeding, or transplant onion sets rather than seed in former rye beds."},{"slug":"spinach","mechanism":"allelopathic","strength":"strong","description":"Spinach is among the most rye-sensitive small-seeded vegetables. Plant a rye-free buffer crop (buckwheat or oats) between winter rye and direct-seeded spinach to clear allelochemicals."},{"slug":"lettuce-buttercrunch","mechanism":"allelopathic","strength":"moderate","description":"Same mechanism as standard lettuce: Buttercrunch is rye-sensitive; allow 3+ weeks after rye mow-down before direct seeding. Transplanting Buttercrunch starts bypasses the germination-phase sensitivity."},{"slug":"lettuce-romaine","mechanism":"allelopathic","strength":"moderate","description":"Same mechanism as leaf lettuce: Romaine seedlings show suppressed growth in rye-residue soil. Allow 3+ weeks between rye and Romaine direct seeding."}]},{"slug":"rye-elbon","commonName":"Elbon Rye","scientificName":"Secale cereale","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-16","windowEnd":"2026-12-14","daysToHarvest":{"min":200,"max":280},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-05-31","notes":"Southern Plains winter rye; popular cover crop in Oklahoma and Texas wheat rotations., Elbon is a winter rye selected by Oklahoma State University in 1956 for southern Great Plains adaptation. Excellent fall forage; tolerates root-knot nematode (a benefit for cotton rotation). Often used as a cover crop ahead of summer crops.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"triticale-trical-718","commonName":"Trical 718 Triticale","scientificName":"x Triticosecale","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-16","windowEnd":"2026-11-30","daysToHarvest":{"min":200,"max":280},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-05-31","notes":"Fall-sown winter forage triticale; widely used in California and PNW dairy forage systems., Trical 718 is a winter forage triticale (wheat x rye hybrid) released by Resource Seeds Inc. Vigorous early biomass for silage. Disease resistant. Workhorse forage variety in California dairy rotations.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"rye-wrens-abruzzi","commonName":"Wrens Abruzzi Rye","scientificName":"Secale cereale","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-16","windowEnd":"2026-12-14","daysToHarvest":{"min":200,"max":280},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-05-31","notes":"Southern winter rye for forage and cover; best zones 6 to 9. Plant Oct-Nov., Wrens Abruzzi is a southern-adapted winter rye selected at Georgia AES from Italian rye stock. Early-maturing, excellent fall and winter forage in the Southeast. Heat-tolerant for southern zones. Lower cold hardiness than Aroostook.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-akbash","commonName":"Akbash Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Anatolian winter landrace, Turkish landrace winter wheat, drought tolerant and adapted to Mediterranean climates.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"rye-aroostook","commonName":"Aroostook Rye","scientificName":"Secale cereale","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-01","windowEnd":"2026-12-14","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":310},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Most cold-hardy cereal grain; can be planted later than wheat in fall. USDA Beltsville selection., Aroostook is a winter rye selected by USDA from a Maine population for early vigor and superior cold tolerance to -30F. Widely used as a cover crop in northern systems and as a grain crop in zones 3 to 7.","companions":[],"antagonists":[{"slug":"corn-sweet-honey-select","mechanism":"allelopathic","strength":"moderate","description":"Rye Aroostook releases benzoxazinoids and ties up surface N during decomposition. Wait 3 weeks after termination before direct-seeding sweet corn or supplement N."}]},{"slug":"wheat-ars-crescent","commonName":"ARS-Crescent Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Soft white winter, club type, USDA-ARS club wheat. Short heads, soft white kernels, Pacific Northwest pastry trade.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-avalanche","commonName":"Avalanche Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Hard white winter, Hard white winter wheat with strong winter hardiness for the central Plains.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-banatka","commonName":"Banatka Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Heritage Hungarian winter wheat, Banat region heritage hard red winter, prized for European peasant bread tradition.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-branson","commonName":"Branson Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Soft red winter, Virginia release soft red winter. Good disease package for the Mid-Atlantic.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-spelt-champ","commonName":"Champ Spelt","scientificName":"Triticum spelta","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Hulled spelt, High yielding spelt selection for organic systems. Strong winter hardiness.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"einkorn","commonName":"Einkorn","scientificName":"Triticum monococcum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":300},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Oldest cultivated wheat; single-grain spikelets. Lower yield than modern wheat but tolerates marginal soil.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-einkorn","commonName":"Einkorn Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum monococcum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-16","windowEnd":"2026-11-30","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":320},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Hulled diploid wheat; sow in fall as winter grain. Spring-sown crops yield less., Einkorn (T. monococcum) is the oldest cultivated diploid wheat. Hulled grain (requires dehulling), small kernels, ~14% protein. Lower-yielding than modern wheats. Popular in artisan and ancient-grain markets. Distinct from existing einkorn slug (this adds the wheat- prefix taxonomy).","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"emmer","commonName":"Emmer Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum dicoccum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":300},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Farro; ancient hulled wheat between einkorn and durum. Used in Italian dishes; nutty whole grain.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-emmer","commonName":"Emmer Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum dicoccon","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-16","windowEnd":"2026-11-30","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":320},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Hulled tetraploid wheat; winter type most common. Spring sowing acceptable in zone 3-4., Emmer (T. dicoccon, farro medio) is an ancient hulled tetraploid wheat. Larger kernels than einkorn, ~13% protein. Italian farro tradition. Hulled grain needs dehulling. Distinct from existing emmer entry which lacks taxonomic prefix.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-foster","commonName":"Foster Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Soft red winter, Southern soft red winter; pastry and cracker quality.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-spelt-frankin","commonName":"Frankin Spelt","scientificName":"Triticum spelta","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"German spelt heritage, European heritage spelt prized for bread baking with classic spelt flavor.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-goldrush","commonName":"Goldrush Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Soft red winter, Purdue release soft red winter, strong head scab resistance.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"barley-halcyon","commonName":"Halcyon Barley","scientificName":"Hordeum vulgare","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Winter malting barley, Heritage UK winter malting barley used in traditional English ales.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-winter-hard-red","commonName":"Hard Red Winter Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-16","windowEnd":"2026-11-30","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":300},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Plant 6 weeks before first fall frost for adequate tiller development before dormancy., Hard Red Winter (HRW) wheat is the dominant US bread wheat class, grown on the Great Plains. High protein (11 to 13%) and gluten strength for yeast breads. Vernalization required; cold-hardy to -10F under snow cover.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-winter-hard-white","commonName":"Hard White Winter Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-16","windowEnd":"2026-11-30","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":300},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Plant in fall on Great Plains and Pacific Northwest. Premium milling class., Hard White Winter wheat produces lighter-colored bran ideal for whole-wheat bread without the tannic flavor of red bran. Protein 10 to 13%. Limited acreage; premium specialty markets and Asian noodle export.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-marfed","commonName":"Marfed Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Heritage soft white club, WSU heritage soft white club wheat. Pastry, noodle, and cracker flour.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"barley-maris-otter","commonName":"Maris Otter Barley","scientificName":"Hordeum vulgare","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Winter malting barley, Heritage English winter malting barley. Classic British real ale malt with biscuit flavor.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-spelt-maverick","commonName":"Maverick Spelt","scientificName":"Triticum spelta","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Hulled spelt, Northern adapted spelt with good standability and yield.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-mccormick","commonName":"McCormick Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Soft red winter, Virginia Tech soft red winter, broadly adapted in the Southeast.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-orcf-102","commonName":"ORCF-102 Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Soft white winter, organic adapted, Oregon organic soft white winter selection with good weed competition.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-oxen","commonName":"Oxen Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Hard red winter; Canadian Prairie adapted, Manitoba hard red winter for organic systems. Strong winter hardiness.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-pioneer-25r47","commonName":"Pioneer 25R47 Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Soft red winter for Mid-Atlantic, Soft red winter wheat for cookies, pastries. Mid-South adapted.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"rye-grain","commonName":"Rye","scientificName":"Secale cereale","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-23","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":280},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Most cold-hardy small grain; same species as winter-rye cover crop but harvested for seed instead of green-manured. Distinct from cover-crop usage.","companions":[{"slug":"hairy-vetch","mechanism":"nitrogen_fixing","strength":"strong","description":"Rye and hairy vetch overwintered together combine deep biomass with high nitrogen yield. Rye scavenges residual N to prevent leaching; vetch fixes new N. The pair builds soil organic matter and supplies the next crop."},{"slug":"buckwheat","mechanism":"ground_cover","strength":"strong","description":"Buckwheat following rye harvest scavenges allelochemicals and prepares the bed for sensitive small-seeded crops. Six-week buckwheat cycle clears rye residue effects without herbicide."}],"antagonists":[{"slug":"tomato-creole-louisiana","mechanism":"allelopathic","strength":"moderate","description":"Cereal rye must decompose for at least 3 weeks before tomato transplant. Fresh rye residue ties up nitrogen and releases allelopathic compounds that stunt tomato seedlings."},{"slug":"potato","mechanism":"allelopathic","strength":"moderate","description":"Potato in fields following winter rye shows reduced sprout vigor due to BX-compound residue. Allow at least 4 weeks between rye incorporation and potato planting; or rotate through a buckwheat buffer."}]},{"slug":"wheat-snowmass","commonName":"Snowmass Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-05","windowEnd":"2026-11-16","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":290},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Hard white winter, Colorado State hard white winter. Excellent whole-wheat baking with mild flavor.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-winter-soft-red","commonName":"Soft Red Winter Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-16","windowEnd":"2026-11-30","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":300},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Plant in early fall in mid-Atlantic and Midwest after Hessian fly free date., Soft Red Winter (SRW) wheat is grown east of the Mississippi for cake/pastry flour and cookies. Lower protein (8 to 11%), weaker gluten, higher yields than HRW. Common rotation crop with corn and soybeans.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]},{"slug":"wheat-winter-soft-white","commonName":"Soft White Winter Wheat","scientificName":"Triticum aestivum","category":"grain","action":"direct_sow","windowStart":"2026-10-16","windowEnd":"2026-11-30","daysToHarvest":{"min":240,"max":300},"expectedHarvestEarliest":"2027-07-10","notes":"Plant in fall in Pacific Northwest and Great Lakes; harvest in July., Soft White Winter (SWW) wheat is the dominant Pacific Northwest class for noodles, cakes, and Asian export markets. Low protein (8 to 10%), white bran, mild flavor. Top class for Japanese udon noodles.","companions":[],"antagonists":[]}]}